The pipeline industry is entering a new chapter of compliance. As technology advances and environmental accountability grows, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) is tightening regulations on liquid leak detection and expanding the definition of acceptable monitoring under 49 CFR Part 195.
For operators, this means integrating innovative tools — including satellite and remote sensing — into their right-of-way (ROW) monitoring programs while ensuring their leak detection systems meet PHMSA’s evolving performance standards.
PHMSA’s rules for hazardous liquid pipelines have long required vigilant surveillance, but recent updates make expectations clearer — and stricter.
§ 195.134 mandates that all single-phase liquid pipelines have compliant leak detection systems by October 1, 2024.
§ 195.444 requires operators to evaluate and document the capability of their leak detection systems — ensuring they can detect leaks promptly and effectively.
§ 195.452 (Integrity Management) integrates leak detection into ongoing risk assessments for high-consequence areas (HCAs).
§ 195.412 sets requirements for ROW inspections, allowing walking, driving, flying, or “other appropriate means.”
Parallel gas regulations (§ 192.705) use similar language, reinforcing that patrol programs can evolve with technology.
Together, these sections establish PHMSA’s expectation: leak detection and ROW monitoring are not optional add-ons — they are core, auditable components of integrity management.
In a landmark move, PHMSA has clarified that satellite and remote sensing methods can qualify as compliant ROW patrols when they meet the agency’s performance standards.
In 2025, PHMSA issued a Direct Final Rule (DFR) titled “Integration of Innovative Remote Sensing Technologies for Right-of-Way Patrols.” This rule formalizes that pipeline operators may use:
“Unmanned systems, remote sensing, satellite, or analogous tools”
to satisfy the patrol requirements under §§ 192.705 and 195.412.
Key takeaways from the new rule:
Technology-neutral oversight: The regulation now explicitly allows remote sensing, provided it is as effective as traditional patrols.
Performance equivalence: Satellite or drone systems must prove equivalent capability — meaning they can detect surface disturbances, excavation, vegetation changes, or leaks with similar accuracy.
Documented justification: Operators must be ready to present evidence that remote or satellite methods deliver the same detection fidelity as ground or aerial patrols.
This shift reflects PHMSA’s willingness to modernize — while keeping accountability high.
In parallel with remote sensing adoption, PHMSA continues to enforce stricter leak detection performance validation:
By October 2024, all existing liquid pipelines must have functioning systems aligned with § 195.444.
Operators must continuously evaluate system performance based on product type, response time, and historical leak data.
New system components must conform to API RP 1130, including standards for testing, maintenance, and dispatcher training.
Leak detection is now a critical part of every Integrity Management Plan — no longer treated as a stand-alone function.
PHMSA’s enforcement trend makes one thing clear: compliance isn’t just about having the system — it’s about proving it works.
Forward-thinking operators are taking a hybrid approach that blends technology, compliance, and data integration. Consider these strategies to stay ahead of the regulatory curve:
1. Deploy hybrid surveillance programs.
Combine satellite imagery for broad coverage with drone or ground patrols for detailed inspections.
2. Conduct equivalency studies.
Compare remote sensing outputs to ground patrol results to document performance. Keep evidence ready for PHMSA review.
3. Integrate all monitoring data.
Feed leak detection, corrosion surveys, and ROW data into a single dashboard or integrity model for predictive insights.
4. Continuously validate performance.
Simulate leaks, audit alarm logic, and update CPM system thresholds to ensure ongoing compliance.
5. Maintain transparent documentation.
Track evaluations, upgrades, and corrective actions — these records are crucial during PHMSA inspections or audits.
The combination of new technology authorization and heightened leak detection scrutiny marks a turning point for the industry. PHMSA’s modernized approach promotes earlier detection, faster response, and better environmental stewardship.
For operators, adopting advanced monitoring tools is no longer optional — it’s the pathway to maintaining safety, compliance, and public trust.
At Talon/LPE, we understand the operational and regulatory challenges that come with evolving PHMSA standards. Our team can help by providing:
Leak detection system design and validation
ROW surveillance and remote monitoring integration
PHMSA compliance documentation support
Environmental and integrity management services
From field operations to data analysis, Talon/LPE and our strategic partners work with operators across the midstream and downstream sectors to help you stay compliant, efficient, and prepared for tomorrow’s monitoring standards.
Contact us today to learn how we can help address your liquid detection and pipeline monitoring needs — because when it comes to safety and compliance, We Are Science.